Core Course 12 : Plant Metabolism

​

THEORY
Unit 3: Carbohydrate metabolism
Synthesis of sucrose; catabolism of sucrose; synthesis of starch; catabolism of starch

 

Unit 4: Carbon Oxidation
Glycolysis, fate of pyruvate, regulation of glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, regulation of PDH, NADH shuttle; TCA cycle, amphibolic role, anaplerotic reactions, regulation of the cycle, mitochondrial electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, cyanide-resistant respiration, factors affecting respiration.

​

Practical

1.    Chemical separation of photosynthetic pigments.

7.    Demonstration of absorption spectrum of photosynthetic pigments.
 

​

Discipline Specific Elective 2: Bioinformatics

​

THEORY
Unit 1: Introduction to Bioinformatics
Introduction, Branches of Bioinformatics, Aim, Scope and Research areas of Bioinformatics.

 

Unit 2: Databases in Bioinformatics
Introduction, Biological Databases, Classification format of Biological Databases, Biological Database Retrieval System.
 

Unit 3. Biological Sequence Databases

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): Tools and Databases of NCBI, Database Retrieval Tool, Sequence Submission to NCBI, Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), Nucleotide Database, Protein Database, Gene Expression Database. EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (EMBL-Bank): Introduction, Sequence Retrieval, Sequence Submission to EMBL, Sequence analysis tools. DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ): Introduction, Resources at DDBJ, Data Submission at DDBJ. Protein Information Resource (PIR): About PIR, Resources of PIR, Databases of PIR, Data Retrieval in PIR. Swiss-Prot: Introduction and Salient Features.
 

Unit 4. Sequence Alignments
Introduction, Concept of Alignment, Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA), MSA by CLUSTALW, Scoring Matrices, Percent Accepted Mutation (PAM), Blocks of Amino Acid Substitution Matrix (BLOSUM).

Unit 5. Molecular Phylogeny
Methods of Phylogeny, Software for Phylogenetic Analyses, Consistency of Molecular Phylogenetic Prediction.

Unit 6. Applications of Bioinformatics
Structural Bioinfonnatics in Drug Discovery, Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques in Drug Design, Microbial genome applications, Crop improvement

Practical
1. Nucleic acid and protein databases-Technique study

2. Sequence retrieval from databases - Demonstration

3. Sequence alignment - Protocol
4. Sequence homology and Gene annotation-Technique study
5. Construction of phylogenetic tree - Protocol
 

​